Ireland :: essays research papers

The Northern-Irish conflict Kort om konflikten i Nord-Irland. The Northern-Irish conflict dates back to not only one, but probably several historical incidents. 1170 In 1170, Henry 2 of England attempted to attach Ireland to his kingdom. He did not succeed, but established control in a small area outside Dublin. For the remaining Irish clans, England now became their major enemy and threat, against their customs and way of life. 1609 By the end of Queen Elisabeth’s reign, military conquests had established control in most parts of Ireland, with the exception of the northern province of Ulster. The Ulster clans had succeeded in creating an effective alliance against Queen Elisabeth’s armies, but was eventually defeated and brought under English rule. English colonists settled in these areas and by 1703 less then 5 per cent of the land of Ulster belonged to Catholics Irish. The native people of Ulster remained in the conquered areas, but were gradually expelled from the land that they used to own. The result of the settling of Ulster was the introduction of a foreign community, which spoke a different language, represented another culture and way of life. In addition, most of the newcomers were Protestants, while the native Irish were Catholic. This probably added a new dimension to the conflict. The next two centuries, differences between Protestants and Catholics increased. The Irish monarchy, parliament and government based in Dublin, enforced several new laws against Catholics. In 1801, in an attempt to increase the direct control of Ireland, the Irish government were abolished and it’s responsibilities taken over by England. During the 19th century several movements tried overthrowing the new government. Some using legal measures and some uses physical force to achieve their goal. During Easter week an armed rising attempted to overthrow the government, but failed. Their leaders were killed, creating sympathy for the IRA and Sinn Fein, its political wing. In the 1918 election, Sinn Fein replaced the old Irish parliamentary parties, and established its own Irish parliament. The following War of Independence between Britain and the IRA was eventually ended by a treaty signed in 1920. The treaty also confirmed the northern counties of Ulster as protestant land. Now, roughly speaking, the Catholics lived in the southern parts of the country and the Protestants in the northern. 1969 By the 1950s there were growing signs that some Catholics were prepared to accept equality within Northern Ireland. This, despite of the unfair treatment they had received from the Protestants during the last decades.

Athletes Leaving College Early :: essays research papers fc

`1   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The story of Korleone Young is a saddening one. Korleone was one of the top high school basketball players in the nation while he was in high school. At all the summer basketball camps, he played above his high school peers. During his senior season he dominated all his team’s competition. He had every major Division I basketball program wanting to give him a full scholarship. All of the national powerhouses like Duke, North Carolina, Michigan State, and many more all recruited Korleone heavily. He also had another bug in his ear. The recent trend of high school stars like Kevin Garnett and Kobe Bryant skipping college to go to the pros appealed to him. He figured since he was a star he could skip college too. This was a big mistake. While his counterparts, Garnett and Bryant were drafted in the first round, Korleone fell to the second round. Once he got into camp he proved he was not ready for the physical style of play. After a couple seasons spent on inj ured reserve he is now out of the league. It is becoming more and more a trend for high school and underclassmen basketball players to forgo their college eligibility to enter the NBA draft. Most professional sports have restrictions to limit mentally and physically immature players from throwing away their college education to be unsuccessful in the professional ranks. In the National Football League, NCAA football players are not allowed to declare for the pro draft unless they have been in the school’s program for at least three years. In professional baseball and hockey, although they do draft players straight from high school, they have a minor league system set up. These minor leagues allow players the time to develop and still play against an excellent level of competition. This helps their growth process so that when they get into the real big leagues, they are somewhat ready to play and be a factor. 2 This influx of young players is not only hurting the player, but it is hurting the league and college sports. The NBA is now becoming filled with talented but immature players. College sports is losing it’s top athletes, sometimes after one year of college play. The players are also not graduating. This hurts because when a basketball player does not make it in the NBA, he has no degree to fall back on.

Money & Corruption Essay

It has been said that money is the root of all evil, but what kind of sin is man willing to commit in exchange for personal gain? The Visit by Friedreck Durenmmat and Mother Courage by Bertlot Brecht are two plays which portray how money and wealth corrupts the human mind and drive peoples to commit hanus crimes. Both stories have similarities and differences of the circumstances in the play but both of them lead to the same outcome. We can see the corruption in both stories present in individuals and in societies. In both plays the corruption is justified by preposterous reasoning presented by the characters. The blunt realization from the character about how they get corrupted is present in both stories, although we can clearly see that the characters aren’t uneasy for what they have become. In Friedreck Durenmmat’s The Visit, lead character Claire Zachanassian plays a filthy rich independent gold digger who demands justice in exchange for one million marks half for the township and the other half for the people. The harsh reality is openly exposed when Madam Claire Zachanassian says that she will only find justice with the execution of a simple townsman which had impregnated her and denied maternity in the past. What had happened to Madam Claire in her past drove her out of Guellen, the town in which the play is set in, and forced her to work in a brothel. She then met a rich man in the brothel and married him and when he died inherited his money, and she has been marrying rich men and divorcing them ever since. After she became rich, she came back to Guellen and ordered Ill’s death, the man who impregnated her. At first when the condition is set all the towns people object violently against her offer and refuse it completely, but this scene is filled dramatical irony as there is a detected scent by the reader of the want for that some of money. There is a sense of foreshadowing at the end of the speech where Claire Zachanasian replies to the townspeople after instantly rebelling against the offer with the two simple words â€Å"I’ll wait†. These two words give us in a way the certainty that he is going to be executed. The corruption of the society of Guellen is clear after the first day of Madam Claire’s proposal. This is evident when all the townspeople begin buying new shoes, wearing clean garments and are buying luxury products all on credit. Before Madam Claire came, the town of Guellen was described as being a very poor area with all of its inhabitants including the mayor living in very simple lifestyles. When the townspeople buy these luxury products we can clearly see that their minds have become corrupted, and that all of them are certain that Ill is going to be executed or murdered. When Ill goes to the mayor and the sheriff for help and demands the arrest of Madame Claire as she has posed a threat on his life, they deny his allegations and reassure that no one wants to execute him. Of course the reader knows that all the townspeople are planning to kill him but they don’t know who will do it and when. At this part of the story the people of Guellen are waiting. When Ill goes to the train station in an attempt to escape from, he finds all the townspeople waiting for him there and they stop him from boarding the train. We can also see the corruption of the higher ranking persons in society, such as the mayor and the church, where they change their decision for the abolishment of the death penalty. The mayor calls a towns meeting for the discussion over the issue of reimplementation of the death penalty. Of course in the end all vote for it except for the church and the schoolmaster which abstain rather than vote against although they are going against their beliefs. In this scene we can see to what extent does corruption extends to where the high ranking officials in the town are corrupted. The mayor which said â€Å"we would rather have poverty than blood on our hands† was actually contemplating executing Ill in exchange for money. The last straw of the corruption in the play is when the schoolmaster goes to Claire Zachanassian in despair and begs her to forget about the execution of Ill. The schoolmaster is a realist and can see through all of the townspeople. He knows that Ill is going to die in the end and can see how the townspeople are becoming corrupted and how they are being seduced by the large sum of money. The schoolmaster pleads to Madam Zachanasian to let her â€Å"feelings for humanity prevail†. Here we can see that the schoolmaster is trying to communicate with the soft side of madam Zachanasian as the power is clearly in her hands and in the money. Here we can conclude that power is in the hands of the wealthy. They can completely corrupt societies and individuals and make them commit horrific sins that no one in their right mind would think about doing. In the play The Visit money corrupted each and every individual in society after they heard that she will be donating one million marks for the township and the individuals. As soon as they hear the deal they start thinking about fulfilling the condition and actually killing Ill. We can see to what extent and how far people are willing to go in exchange for personal gain. In the play all this corruption is justified by justice. Many of the townspeople state that they only want to execute Ill so that justice can be served. This justification of course is false and they are only doing it for the money. In the play Mother Courage and her children the circumstances and the situations are different, but the outcome is similar. The play is set in medieval Europe where there are many wars and conflicts between different countries. In the play, there is evidence of individuals getting corrupted as well as peoples getting corrupted. We first feel a sense of corruption in the second scene when Eilef, the once known brave and courageous man, is recognized for raiding the local peasants and stealing their cattle so that he can feed his hungry men. Here we can see that Eilef is taking the opportunity of the war and his status in the army to go and raid local peasants so that he can steal cattle. In the following scene the Chaplain and the cook appear to be talking about politics and discussing the war. The cook ironically remarks that the king is lucky to justify his war by god, otherwise he would be accused of seeking profits only. Here we can see that see that the people have realized that it is all because of personal gain. In a way, the children of Mother Courage are killed for the motif of money. First Swiss Cheese is executed because he has hid a box which contains a sum of money which the protestants have accumulated from the war. Mother courage then tries then to bribe the soldiers that want to execute him thanking god there is corruption and man is corruptible saying † Thank God they’re corruptible. They’re humans and after money like the rest of us. They’re not wolves. As long as there’s corruption there’s hope. Bribes! They’re a man’s best chance. As long as judges go on taking money, then there’s some chance of justice. † Eilef, after being described as wearing luxurious clothes, is executed for the numerous raids on the local peasants were he stole the belongings of these pitiful peasants and became rich on the expense of their lives. Last but not least Kattrin dies as she is beating the drum warning the peasants that Catholic soldiers are coming to raid their town and steal their belongings. All of Mother Courage’s children had the same tragic fate and all of their deaths are connected to money. In this play, we can see how money can corrupt societies and countries on a large scale. We can see how different people were corrupted in different ways all for the same reason. War changes order into chaos, and man takes the opportunity of chaos so that he can make money on the expense of others, sometimes killing others. The play Mother Courage and her Children vividly describes how peoples and leaders can commit numerous crimes in order to get wealthy and how simple humans can change suddenly into immoral humans after being seduced by wealth. In conclusion, we have an answer to the question at hand. Man is willing to kill, declare war, torture others and steel for the sole purpose of getting money. Man always finds a way to get money on the expense of others without even thinking. Both plays bluntly discussed the issue of corruption, money and how there is no conscience or moral values when it comes to making money, which were major themes in both plays. Last but not least, it is clear to us that man is willing to do anything in exchange for money.

Attendance and Daily Time Record System

Today, magnetic swipes are mostly used by many establishments and organizations to provide both security and convenience. Hotels use these as a replacement for the key system. Schools, specially the universities and college campuses also use these in the form of ID swipe system. (Ramsbrock, D. and Moskovchenko S. , 2011, p. 4) Researchers tested University of Maryland's Lenel System where the ID's of the students include their Social Security Number. The ID information can be used by the outsider for identity theft. Copying of these existing cards can be done without the help of electronics expertise. The internet provides the sale of commercial card reader and writer and can be used to create a duplicate of these ID cards. A more complicated but still basic attack on the ID is creating a card from a certain two information without actually having an access to the card. These information has been disclosed by the author due to security purposes. (Ramsbrock, D. and Moskovchenko S. , 2011, p. 4) Boarding School Student Systems (E-ID) Using Radio Frequency Identification RFID or Radio Frequency Identification does not require a person to do a manual scanning, but it uses radio waves to identify man, animals, or other materials plugged with RFID tag. This method compared with the manual ID scanning reduces man power and time to input data. RFID system is mostly made up of three components: An antenna or a coil, a tranceiver or a decoder, and an RFID tag which is very tiny and can be placed inside a human body for data storage and retrieving purposes. (Abdul Kahir H. , et al. 2009) RFID Matrix Card System was tested by researchers and proven efficient and handy. Students coming in and out the establishment can be monitored. Any individual without an RFID will trigger an alarm and the management can pull the students' information on the computer from their ID cards. (Abdul Kahir H. , et al. , 2009) Sampling in statistics, and survey methodology in selecting a subset, or a subgro up of individual within statistical population, to estimate characteristic of the whole population. Advantages of sampling are lower cost, faster data collection and a smaller data set improves accuracy and quality of data. Sampling involves several key stages defining the population concerned, specifying a sampling frame, specifying a sampling method, determining sample size, implementing the sampling plan and sampling with data gathering. The researchers chose to use non-probability sampling method (Arboleda, C. Writing a Thesis Proposal First Edition. 1998), specifically the incidental or accidental. The researchers first decided on the sample size by consulting with different school professors and with a thesis lecturer. After the consultations, the researchers decided to collect 100 surveys, as advised by the consultants. The researchers then proceeded to conduct the survey by handling out the surveys to the first 100 students who were more likely to return and re-enroll, were given more significance by the researchers as advised by those who were consulted. The researchers chose this sample method for three reasons. First, they had limited time, budget and workforce. Second, it was highly suggested by those consulted by the researchers. Third, it made statistical compilations easier by setting the size at 100. To maintain the quality and effectiveness of this survey research, the researchers chooses to have at least 100 samples. This survey evaluates the effectiveness and the impact to the student and faculties.

Magaret Thatcher

Margaret Thatcher: Optimism, self-confidence, honesty, integrity and drive are just a few traits that portray Margaret Thatcher. Her leadership style may be defined as a combination of an autocratic, transformational and charismatic leader. Nevertheless, her leadership style was mainly task oriented. What are her values? Margaret Thatcher considered herself to be a conviction politician. Her leadership was based on clear firmly held principles. Margaret Thatcher’s family and early education in Grantham played a major part in shaping her political beliefs. She was taught strong traditions of self-help, charitable work, and ethics. What make her a great leader? Margaret Thatcher was very influential in her leadership role. She had been tough, forthright, consistent and inspiring. She had empowered and motivated the citizens of Britain to purchase their homes in which they lived at a discounted price. Additionally, companies that the state initially owned were now owned by the community. Her intent was to change Britain from a dependent to a self-reliant society. Margaret Thatcher success of implementing the privatization policy of government assets had improved influential internationally. Moreover, Margaret Thatcher had a firm approached to policy making and exuded self confidence, which gained her the nickname â€Å"Iron Lady†. She was willing to act on her intuition and trusted her judgments. She accomplished her goals and was never afraid to stand up for her beliefs even if it made her unpopular. Despite her colleagues and experts objections, Margaret Thatcher was very confident in her decision making. In Britain, she was an autocratic leader who governed decision making. For instance, while the recession of the early 1980s intensified, she increased taxes, despite concerns expressed in a statement signed by 364 leading economists issued towards the end of March 1981. Margaret Thatcher prided herself of being in charge and winning the majority of her debates. She was very combative; fighting for what she believed was the right way to direct her country. Margaret Thatcher was committed to lessening the power of the trade unions, whose leadership she blamed for weakening parliamentary democracy and economic performance during industrial action. BBC news reported that, Margaret Thatcher â€Å"managed to destroy the power of the trade unions for almost a generation†. She demonstrated courage and positive attitude during the face of adversity. In 1984, Margaret Thatcher barely escaped injury in a PIRA assassination attempt at a Brighton hotel. However, she was adamant about delivering her speech the next day as scheduled, at the Conservative Party Conference. Margaret Thatcher was a transformational leader who inspired others and brought about significant change. Her intention was to lead Britain to greatness by overcoming the country’s economic and financial challenges. She privatized some nationalized industries and social programs, including education, housing, and health care. Britain’s economic upturn in the 1980s was due to Margaret Thatcher’s leadership. She also regained the Falkland Island from Argentina. She took a strong stand against the trade unions during the miner’s strike (1984-85), and moved Britain toward privatization, selling minor interest s in public utilities to the business interests. She also introduced â€Å"rate capping† which effectively took control of expenditures out of the hands of city councils, part of her policies aimed at reducing the influence of local governments. In 1989 she introduced the community poll tax. Where possible, sale of state assets took place through offering shares to the public, with generous terms for small investors. The Thatcher Governments presided over a great increase in the number of people saving through the stock market. They also encourage people to buy their own homes and to make private pension provision, policies which over time have greatly increased the personal wealth of the British population. Conclusion Margaret Thatcher was the first British Prime Minister in the twentieth century to win three consecutive terms. Serving as a transformational change agent, Ms. Thatcher tackle distorted public opinion and braved daunting unpopularity to implement reform. Showing an adept touch at choosing her issues carefully, and fighting battles that could be won, Ms. Thatcher established urgency, formed a strong vision backed by a guiding coalition and planned for short-term wins. Her greatest legacy is the degree to which she institutionalized her reform policies. Ms. Thatcher represented such a unique, decisive, unflinching character, with the ability to capitalize on circumstances and energy. _____________________________________ Bibliography Margaret Thatcher Foundation –margaretthatcher. org Wikipedia

Abnormal Deviation in international exchange Essay

You are a Finance Manager at a company in your city. Your company purchase goods from international markets. You are planning to buy equipment worth AED55 million. You have decided to save the company some money and you have proposed to check the exchange rate for 5 days at www.xe.com for the currency of the country where you want to buy the equipment. You managed to secure two quotations from different suppliers from different countries using different currencies. The equipment is needed in January 2015. Transportation cost AED5 million and is paid in here to a UAE transportation company. The balance amount should be used to purchase the equipment. The transportation of the equipment is agreed to be arriving in UAE on the 5th of January 2015. It takes 3 days to fly the equipment to UAE. Whatever purchasing you are planning should be done in advance to give room for transporting the equipment. See more: Satirical essay about drugs The foreign supplier has agreed to give you a quotation for the equipment that is valid for 7 days. You want to take advantage of the quoted prices. The Equipment is quoted in both British pounds and in Euros. The Equipment is costing BP £860 000 and it is also quoted in EUROâ‚ ¬ 1 090 000. You had a meeting with your CEO and you both agreed to check the market performance of these two currencies and purchase the equipment when it is giving you a competitive advantage. The Activities to do: Check the exchange rate for a period of 5 days and create a table of comparisons of how much will be your Dh50m worth on each of the five days in both Euros and GB pounds. Choose the currency you will use for your transactions. [15 marks] Calculate how much it will cost the company in Dirhams to buy the equipment on the first day of monitoring the exchange rate. Explain the impact of your action. [15 marks] Calculate how much it will cost the company in Dirhams to buy the equipment on the second day of monitoring the exchange rate. Explain the impact of your action. [15 marks] Calculate how much it will cost the company in Dirhams to buy the equipment on the third day of monitoring the exchange rate. Explain the impact of your action. [15 marks] Calculate how much it will cost the company in Dirhams to buy the equipment on the fourth day of monitoring the exchange rate. Explain the impact of your action. [15 marks] Calculate how much it will cost the company in Dirhams to buy the equipment on the fifth day of monitoring the exchange rate. Explain the impact of your action. [15 marks] Write a report to support your decision for the transaction you have done. In your recommendation outline what makes your decision the best decision for the company. Consider every day you were monitoring the currencies, as the day you made a decision and purchased that equipment. Was that the best decision and why? [10 marks] Solution Table of comparison Conversion of DH to GBP 1dh = 0.173796 GDP 50,000,000 Ãâ€" 0.173796 GBP = 8,689,800 Conversion of DH to EURO 1DH = 0.221629 EURO 50,000,000 Ãâ€" 0.221629 EURO = 11,081,450 change Days Value of EURO (+ 1.44) Change in value % change Value of POUND (+0.3885) Change in value % change 1 11,241,023 159,573 1.44 8,723,516 33,716 0.388 2 11,402,894 161,870 1.46 8,757,363 33,747 0.390 3 11,567,096 164,202 1.48 8,791,342 33,979 0.391 4 11,733,663 166,566 1.50 8,825,452 34,110 0.393 5 11,902,627 168,965 1.52 8,859,695 34,243 0.394 Will use EURO as my currency in the transactions. Cost of the equipments on the first day in DH. 101.44100 Ãâ€" 1,090,000 = â‚ ¬ 1,105,696 1 DH = 0.221629 1,105,696 à · 0.221629 = DH 4,988,950. Impact The exchange rate create a positive impact in difference in the price of equipment with an increase of DH 75,300. Cost of the equipments on the second day in DH. Purchases costed = â‚ ¬ 1,090,000 100 + 1.46% = 101.46% 101.46100 Ãâ€" 1,090,000 =â‚ ¬ 1,105,914 1 DH = 0.221629 1,105,914 à · 0.221629 =DH 4,989,934 Impact The exchange rate create a positive impact in difference in the price of equipment with an increase of DH 76,284. Cost of the equipment on the third day in DH Purchases costed = â‚ ¬ 1,090,000 101.48100 Ãâ€" 1,090,000 =â‚ ¬ 1,106,132 1 DH = 0.221629 1,106,132 à · 0.221629 =DH 4,990,917 Impact The exchange rate create a positive impact in difference in the price of equipment with an increase of DH 77, 267. Cost of the equipment on the fourth day in DH Purchases costed = â‚ ¬ 1,090,000 101.50100 Ãâ€" 1,090,000 =â‚ ¬ 1,106,350 1 DH = 0.221629 1,106,350 à · 0.221629 =DH 4,991,901 Impact The exchange rate create a positive impact in difference in the price of equipment with an increase of DH 78,251. Cost of the equipment on the fifth day in DH Purchases costed = â‚ ¬ 1,090,000 101.52100 Ãâ€" 1,090,000 =â‚ ¬ 1,106,568 1 DH = 0.221629 1,106,568 à · 0.221629 =DH 4,992,885 Impact The exchange rate create a positive impact in difference in the price of equipment with an increase of DH 79,235. REPORT ON DECISION FOR TRANSACTION FOR PURCHASING EQUIPMENTS The above transaction was appropriate since it has brought a good comparison between the exchange rate in both quotations AED/EURO. Findings It can be observed that by use of this transaction the finance manager can be able to save for the company. The transaction of this equipment will take less than AED 50 millions Conclusion This method is best used when carrying out official transaction for example which government is involved. Recommendation This kind of transaction should be encouraged since it help in stabilizing the country currency. We find that the effect of exchange rate behave differently in the five days meaning that in each an everyday the currency get an additional value. It hence strengthens currency. References The great Soviet Encyclopidia, 3rd edition (1970 – 1979).@2010. The gale group, IncCassel Guster (DSecember 1918) â€Å"Abnormal Deviation in international exchange,† 28, No 112. The economic journal. Pp.413 – 415.UBS’S â€Å"prices and earnings† report. Source document

The Ethics of Distribution, How to distribute health care fairly Essay

The Ethics of Distribution, How to distribute health care fairly - Essay Example Even after increased spending on the United States health care, the country could not manage to improve health status significantly. Currently, access to health care in the United States is far from equitable; this has raised the legitimate question of justice. Health care insurance has managed to obtain access for most Americans, but 15 percent of individuals remain without coverage. A lot of people are still not able to access modern medicine, and this raises an important topic in medical ethics (Trotochaud, 2006). In the conceptual bioethics framework, access to health care is under the principle of justice, for example; entitlement to resources, equitable distribution, and fairness. The issues of justice in the health care system are divided into two related but different dimensions; access and allocation. Allocation is the process that is used to determine the health care resources for distribution to individuals and populations. The allocation issue has three levels; social level, this is the amount of resources spent by the government on health care compared with other budgetary needs. Second tier is allocation at the point of healthcare service; this is the decisions of health care portions of the federal budget and to whom, where and how the funds will be spent. The final level concerns the individual patient; access to health care in the United States is determined by the ability to have health insurance coverage. Access relates to whether individuals who should be or who are entitled to access health care services can receive them. Even with all the government spending on health care, a majority of people in the United States go without health insurance coverage (Trotochaud, 2006). For example, in the year 2009, 50.7 million individuals lacked healthcare cover. For the many individuals covered by insurance, they can access high-quality care with ease but at high costs. Those without coverage, or without adequate cover forgo much-needed care,