The Effects and Necessity of Secrecy free essay sample

The pathway to Operation Overlord The D-Day happened in Europe at the Omaha beach where many survived the attacks form the allies. The allies were interested in attacking Europe through the entry from various entries into the country. It is believed that the D-Day and Omaha beach was the hardest fought and significant victory for the Allies in the World War II. According to Ambrose, there were five beaches and the Omaha beach was the one that received the most devastating effects of the battles. During the battle many people lost their lives and others were casualties. The allies had to pay a high price with the loss of lives, especially at Omaha beach. The operations overload begun five minutes before midnight On June 5th 1944 (Gilbert 127). There are many surprises on the Omaha beach that were used during the battles of the D-Day. These were the terrain, the configuration of the ground, the length and width of the beach. We will write a custom essay sample on The Effects and Necessity of Secrecy or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The allies would attack especially with the dominance of the bluff that overlooks the beach used this situation of the Omaha beach. There is a concave shape of the shoreline that would permit the delivery of direct fire from three directions. There were concrete remains of the German defense with its numerous fighting positions along the bluff. The allies also considered the existence of the cliffs that flank the coast from which observers would deliver indirect fire to any location of the beach. The allies were determined to remove all the obstacles that would hinder them from attacking. The allies could stand on the bluff that overlooks the Omaha beach and visualize thousands of American soldiers and sailors on a landing craft when crossing the open stretches of the beach in daylight under enemy fire. According to Gilbert (127) the men who fought at the Omaha beach surprised with their great spirit. From midnight to dawn and many people were killed including 18000 British, American and Canadian origins. The attack at Omaha beach did not have the advantage of darkness or the overwhelming power of fire. The allies well understood that they were attacking an enemy who had an immense capability for reinforcement and counterattack. They had to have tactical surprise that a long pre landing bombing would have lost. They had to accept the risk of heavy casualties on he beaches for the prevention of heavier ones on the plateau and among the hedgerows. The landing took place at the early morning hours of the day in order to extend the effects of enemy fire and to facilitate the achievement of tactical surprise. The assault was considered to be a frontal attack that was unlikely even to have the advantage of tactical surprise. They had a task of smashing through enemy beach defenses to faci litate as far as possible the possibility by naval fire support and air bombardment. The happening of the D-Day was due to the invasion of the Europe allies. The German armies lived in Western Europe together with the forces of the Soviet Union. This regime was believed to hold most of Europe oppression and horror for the past years. The allies would invade Europe by the sea and air. The D-Day was known to be a battle between the allies and the American soldiers on the Omaha beach. The mission of the allies in this battle was to break through the coastal defenses. The allies would advance from the east then invade Germany and destroy the Nazi regime. Through this they would secure a lodgment area on Normandy whereby they would master the armed Western allies. After this they would settle in England where the aim would be to attack and destroy the German. The allies needed a plan that would be used to attack the enemies. The plan was done in secret and surprise by the use of tricks that would help trapping the enemies. The operation overload was a cross channel landing and constituted the primary task that the allies’ air effort would perform against the axis in Europe at te beginning of the D-Day (Gilbert 128-129). The victory of the D-Day was seen as decisive in a theatre of operations in the ancient years. It was also argued to be the decisive turning point in the Americas long uncertainty to achieve power in a fast change in all human aspects including politics, social and economic aspects. According to Ambrose, The D-Day is seen as a significant victory in the sense that it is viewed to be effective to the Americans in serving their interests in the Gulf war. It is also important for the Europeans due to its limitations and dangers to their country. The Europeans were not able to serve their interests in the Balkans as well as serving humanitarian interests in Somalia. The existing battles teach us on how to abide and have actual interest in their causes and effects. These battles help us to understand that it is not the number of the people killed and wounded in a fight that would determine its general historic importance. The D-Day victory was considered to have given an opinion on the outcome of the revolution. This made it possible the founding of the American Republic. The time that was given to the Nazis for the completion of the holocaust, as well as destroying the resistance movement in occupied Europe was one of the consequences of a D-Day defeat. The launching of the invasion started reducing the resistance of German communications. This would have led to the swift and brutal retaliation of the German people. Hence the rebuilding of the movement would be slow and difficult. In the first 24 hours of the D-Day the attackers decided to use clear color photographs and maps that were specially commissioned to be used in landing area and combat zones (Fowler 23-27). D-Day was seen to be a significant victory because in the end of the course the American soldier prevailed on Omaha Beach together with his allies to protect the lodgment. This led to the success of the allies for the mission that they had in mind for the war. There followed battles in the Normandy, Arnhem and Ardennes. The D-Day is seen as a significant victory in the sense that it is viewed to be effective to the Americans in serving their interests in the Gulf war. It is also important for the Europeans due to its limitations and dangers to their country. II. Situation The Nazis occupied most of the European continent. General Eisenhower was Supreme Commander of allied forces. The D-Day happened in the 1940’s the time of the Second World War. This was the time when there was a critical test of the national character since the American Revolution and the civil war. Drez (11-23) believed that the revolution led to the nation from the civil war that was a firmly united nation from the World War II. The fact is that the D-Day did not occur due to remote and infinitesimal influences. This was a time when the American leadership of the western allies was asserted unequivocally. It is believed that, this was a mantle bestowed not to be a kind gesture for the predominance of the American manpower and matters committed to the battle. Eisenhower was the supreme commander of the allied forces and had a duty to figure out a way to defeat Hitler. However, it was not an easy task for Eisenhower to defeat Hitler. The reason is that Europe was already well protected; hence it was a challenge to find the best way of defeating Hitler. III. The plan and deception of Operation Overlord It was necessary for Eisenhower to call in the top military commanders. He organized the plan and deception of operation overload. He owned ships, airplanes, troops, and supplies with which he could send to England to collect the Allied troops. These allied troops would be used to attack the enemies in the beaches. Gilbert (128) argues that it was necessary for secrecy and surprise to be used so as to ensure that the enemies are defeated. The third deception operation glimmer was a substantial air attack followed by fourth which was the largest deception operation that night. To achieve their target the military were dishonesty with their enemies. They never told them the truth about their plan of attack and they used spies to ensure the plan is well monitored. In order to trap their enemies it was necessary for the allies to use rubber tanks and trucks. The duplex drive tank was part of the firepower on which the allies would depend on to get ashore on the D-Day. The thinking that initiated the development of the duplex tank and the doctrine of its employment indicated the thinking that permeated the entire planning process. Due to the failure of the Dieppe raid brought the need of implementing a reliable amphibious tank. This tank would use a nine-foot canvas shroud containing 36 air light pillars held up by collapsible metal struts for floatation. It was possible for one to float any size vehicle no matter the tonnage as long as the shroud wrapping was high enough. At the sea the duplex tank would hung below the surface of the water. These tanks would proceed in column to within 1000 yards of the beach and land in five minutes if no underwater obstacles encountered. They would then deploy literary to attack the pillboxes and other fixed installation. The duplex drive tanks at Utah, sword, Juno and Gold beaches met with varying degrees of success. At Utah beach one duplex tank would strike an underwater mine and sink with all four Duplex drive tanks. The conditions at Utah beach were as severe as those at Omaha beach hence the performance of the tanks was better. IV. Deciding when and where to attack The allies had to plan well the attack and how it should take place with the Germans. All the allied troops were required to be alert on the progress of all the directions of attack. The planners of the Normandy invasion were energized by the magnitude of the task that confronted them. They sought new solutions to problems that had previously been identified and studied. They planned to use lies as well as spies who would spy on the areas of attack. They made the Germans to think that they were attacking at Calais and this made the Germans o relax. They were always alert to track any chance that was available to attack as fast as possible. They used a security clearance of BIGOIT and this was considered to be higher that the top secret. However it was difficult to beat Hitler because he had his own plan and ordered Rommel who would attack instead from Caen against the British bridge head (Gilbert 174). They ensured that no mail was delivered and if available to be concealed for their benefit. Also they did not allow any personal communication to take place inside or outside the camps or ships. They were very keen to keep track on the strengths and positions of the German forces. The commanders had to form a Land at Omaha since it was a necessary target for the attack. They also made a keen observation on the weather patterns for them to decide on the best time to attack. V. Points that were to be considered in launching the attack The allied troops were required to put into consideration the reports from spies before launching their attack to the Germans. The best climate was necessary for the attacks were also considered where short time period attack would be the best for clear weather. It was important to note the troop’s behavior to avoid their impatient from being confined. Also there was a need to ensure that the Germans did not discover their plans to attack. Here the troops saw it necessary to attack as soon as possible whenever a chance was available for them to attack into a springboard to launch an attack. They would also take the steps of raiding from the French coast at Houlgate by the use of eighty eight men (Gilbert 5). VI. The attack D-Day According to Ambrose, on this day the allies had to make accurate arrangements of targets from the air and sea at daylight. The development of an overwhelming fire support from all sources such as air, naval and support craft was the first essential thing to do. This would help them to cover the final stage of the approach and enable them to close the beaches. Infantry performing a forward assault in opposition to a purposeful defense in daylight won the battle for Omaha beach. It was costly to make this improvisation. The allied men were committed to hurling themselves frontal against the strongest defended areas in the assault zone. This was believed to be an act of hubris compounded by the collapse amidst the rough weather. On June 5, 1944 the Infantryman landed by gliders 5 minutes before midnight. At 14 hours General Norman Cota addressed the allied men on how to manage the attack. Cota had predicted the possibility of the allied men not achieving their targets. Ambrose added that this was not the reality that occurred then. The Americans were lying on the shore seeking cover behind obstacles of tanks and vehicles that were burning. Many were wounded and lying on the sand giving the American and German soldiers the impression of failing the assault at Omaha beach. On the early hours of the morning on the following day June 6, 1944, the allied invasion fleets arrived off the coast of Normandy. They were sixteen ships carrying the assault forces. They took up station in the transport area and right away initiated the landing processes. The transport area was far from the enemy artillery and the sea was rough. There were winds and tides that produced waves three to four feet high. This made it difficult to land the small aircraft through the web like scramble net. Soldiers had to time when jump into the craft where a mistake in timing would result to a serious injury. The operational plan for the Normandy invasion that was based on a new a hybrid doctrine was deeply flawed in numerous ways. There were five beaches that were to be attacked in Normandy. They included; the Utah beach, Sword beach, Omaha beach, Gold beach and Juno Beach. Among these five beaches, the Omaha beach was the one that received the most devastating effects of the battles. It was also the one that was most hard fought battle of Normandy (Drez 266). It was believed that the Canadian and British forces at sword, Juno and gold beaches as well as the American forces at the Utah beach fought the German forces. It they could have used the similar terrain of the quality and quantity of those at Omaha beach; they would too have suffered heavy casualties and faced the prospect of defeat. The same day warships numbering from three thousand to seven thousand were required to depart first. During the battle many people lost their lives and others were casualties. The allies were the ones who had to pay a high price with the loss of lives, especially at Omaha beach. The Germans were caught by surprise and with absolute bravery the Germans were defeated. The navy and the air force had chosen their targets on the radar site for the attack (Gilbert 110). It is evident that in the military structure of the western allies there existed a drastic shift in the balance of power. This represented the descent of Britain and the rise of the America to the highest rank in the world power. There was a disparity in forces when confronting the enemy and this was closed quickly. After five years of war, Britain was announced to have reached the limits of its resources. It was required to maintain its forces at its D-Day levels. The growth of the American forces in the theatre continued until victory was declared in Europe. The U. S ground forces were three times greater than all of the western allies united. At the eve of the D-Day that happened thirty months later the commitment of the American forces worldwide was leading. The Britain’s who had maintained its equality in partnership did no longer exist. The Second World War II in Europe ended with the immediate threat of a soviet union bound for world domination. Disaster was the price of aloofness and America had to continue leadership in the free world (Drez 266-268). VI. Conclusion /Summary In the World War II in Europe, this was a time when the D-Day took place in the 1940’s. There existed depression among the people of the country that emanated from the fist world war. The Second World War in Europe ended the depression that existed in the First World War. Eisenhower and all commanders planned the invasion as best as they could. Although all the attacks on all beaches were successful, Omaha beach suffered the most but was the most victorious. The D-Day changed the course of the war in Europe. The D-Day brought about the impact of the American Soldier to be seen as an ignorant person. The D-Day was seen to be a significant victory because in the end of the course the American soldier prevailed on Omaha Beach together with his allies to protect the lodgment. This led to the success of the allies for the mission that they had in mind for the war. The Tactical battles were not expected to fail since the entire campaign would have collapsed and the strategy for the conduct of the war might have also failed. Defeat at Omaha beach could have significantly weakened the margin for success. Each fight at Normandy was of great importance to the tactical plans of the United States and Britain.

The Case of the Elusive Car Salesman Essay Example For Students

The Case of the Elusive Car Salesman Essay Subject: English Short StoryThe Case of the Elusive Car SalesmanI was pacing around Lexington, waiting for my local mechanic to finish thelatest repairs on my 77 Chevy Impala. My names Yesterday, Sam Yesterday. It was hot in Lexington, by that is not uncommon for mid-July. Id had agood several months, and I was in good financial position for the first timesince I bought that Impala back in 1977. That car had served me well, butlately it had been failing. Maybe it was time for a trade, I thought; so Iwalked over to the nearest friendly (sort of) car dealership. As soon as I set foot on the shiny showroom floor, it seized me. It was themost beautiful thing I had ever seen. A sparkling combination of steel,leather, electronics, and a very large engine. The muscle car had beenrevitalized in the form of a 1995 Chevy Impala SS. It was sleek, resemblingthe type of car Darth Vader would drive. I grabbed the nearest salesman,hopped into the body hugging leather bucket, fired up the 275 bhp. LT1 engineand took off. As the 6-speaker CD stereo belted out Aerosmith the poorsalesman tried to sell me a car that had already sold itself. I had fallen inlove, it was the only car that I had loved since that 77 Impala. It had anengine large enough to satisfy my primitive need for power, an image thatscreamed Hey you with the radar gun! See if you can catch me! Granted, itwas heavy, it had watery boat-like handling, and drank gas like my UncleBubba drinks beer. Still, I loved it. It wasnt Japanese, German, Korean, orotherwise. It was a big hunk of purebred, Am erican muscle car, dammit. We will write a custom essay on The Case of the Elusive Car Salesman specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now I picked out a nice shiny new one, called the bank and drove home in my newwheels. I decided to spring for all the bells and whistles; leather, CDplayer, alarm system, keyless entry, etc. I figured that if this car wasgoing to run as long as my last Impala it should be well-equipped. As I was admiring the view from my office in the Financial Center, the phonerang. I answered and was greeted by a rather hysterical woman named Dianewho thought that she had been cheated by her car dealership. That evil Car salesman has kidnaped my car! she explained. I calmed her down and asked what happened. Well, Larry, the salesman, picked up my Lexus for servicing, just as usual. Also as usual, he left a more expensive car as a loaner. Later in the day,I received a call saying that my car had been destroyed. Larry said that oneof the technicians had accidentally cranked it right up into the ceilingwhile it was sitting on the lift. I found it hard to believe, but hepromised me a new model if I would just come over and sign the papers. Assoon as I arrived, Larry said that he would credit me the value of the car ifI wanted to by a nicer mor expensive model. I agreed and ended up with alovely new sports coupe.Nice car, I remarked, realizing that the salesman was making a tidy profiton the transaction. Yes, it is. But I still miss my Essie.Essie? I interrupted, quizzically. Yes, Essie was the name of my old car, the ES300, I loved Essie, and thenew car wasnt the same.You had a brand new $55,000 Lexus, which you got for only $25,00 and youmiss you older $35,000 Lexus? I asked, beginning to wonder whether she wasplaying this game with a full deck. Yes, I did. So, anyway, I read the article in the paper covering theincident, and was struck by something. The general manager said that he wasbaffled, because there are safety mechanisms on the lifts, preventing themfrom going that high. I also realized that Larry would be making his regularcommission on a $55,000 Lexus, and not a $25,000 one, because the payment forthe ES was made by the insurance company after the sale. So, not only had hemade money on Essie, but on the new car as well.Interesting. Is that all? I asked. .uf4d4be7e0b2771b52317d594290a4d99 , .uf4d4be7e0b2771b52317d594290a4d99 .postImageUrl , .uf4d4be7e0b2771b52317d594290a4d99 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uf4d4be7e0b2771b52317d594290a4d99 , .uf4d4be7e0b2771b52317d594290a4d99:hover , .uf4d4be7e0b2771b52317d594290a4d99:visited , .uf4d4be7e0b2771b52317d594290a4d99:active { border:0!important; } .uf4d4be7e0b2771b52317d594290a4d99 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uf4d4be7e0b2771b52317d594290a4d99 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uf4d4be7e0b2771b52317d594290a4d99:active , .uf4d4be7e0b2771b52317d594290a4d99:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uf4d4be7e0b2771b52317d594290a4d99 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uf4d4be7e0b2771b52317d594290a4d99 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uf4d4be7e0b2771b52317d594290a4d99 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uf4d4be7e0b2771b52317d594290a4d99 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uf4d4be7e0b2771b52317d594290a4d99:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uf4d4be7e0b2771b52317d594290a4d99 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uf4d4be7e0b2771b52317d594290a4d99 .uf4d4be7e0b2771b52317d594290a4d99-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uf4d4be7e0b2771b52317d594290a4d99:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: History 12 EssayYes. If the accident wasnt really an accident, I want to know, and I wanta lot more than a new sports coupe, that car meant a lot to me. Sheconcluded,

Essay on Le Corbusier Villa Savoye

Essay on Le Corbusier Villa Savoye Essay on Le Corbusier: Villa Savoye Essay on Le Corbusier: Villa SavoyeLe Corbusier (1887 –1965), a talented Swiss-French architect and designer, is well known as the founder of modern architecture. Le Corbusier was born in Switzerland, but in 1930, he became a citizen of France. His unique buildings were constructed in Europe, India, and the USA. The architect was focused on designing the houses for the residents of the contemporary large cities, providing improved conditions for living in overcrowded areas. Le Corbusier was a well-educated man. He studied arts at the La-Chaux-de-Fonds Art School and architecture in Vienna. He was a â€Å"founder of the Congrà ¨s International dArchitecture Moderne (CIAM)† (Pinder 61). Le Corbusier’s talent had been widely used in urban planning. The most influential figures in his life were Renà © Chapallaz, Auguste Perret, Josef Hoffmann, Peter Behrens, Ludwig Mies van der Rohe and Walter Gropius.Cultural and societal influencesLe Corbusier managed to invert the established traditional design elements. He placed heavy architectural elements above the light ones located below. Besides, he â€Å"refused to enclose the ground story of the Villa Savoye with masonry walls†(Kleiner 887). Besides, he was influenced by new technologies. According to researchers, Le Corbusier â€Å"occupies a critical position in urbanism† due to the influence of the city planning(Pinder 61). He wanted to reconstruct modern cities, making considerable change in urban design. The architect criticized the disorder of modern cities and wanted to make them more impressive and appealing for living. He was focused on the transformation of spaces. According to Pinder, he was influenced by â€Å"the garden city movement† (63). Le Corbusier’s ideas contributed to the new styles in post-war reconstruction of the city buildings, especially during the housing crisis in France in the 1920s. The architect argued that â€Å"urban problems were root ed in a failure to come to terms with the demands of industry and the machine age† (Pinder 63). He paid special attention to the effects of urbanization and the consequences of mechanization for the city life.A discussion of some of the most influential works by the subject  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The most influential work is the Villa Savoye designed by Le Corbusier in 1929 in France. The Villa Savoye is a unique seminal building designed in the Modernist style. The Villa Savoye project is unique due to the uniqueness of design and construction. Le Corbusier used steel and ferroconcrete as the major construction materials, which helped to make the so-called â€Å"load† of the upper stories of the building by means of the slender columns (Kleiner 887).The Villa Savoye was designed to serve as a private home, but the architect was influenced by cultural and social factors to create a house that could serve as â€Å"the machine for living† (Klei ner 887). Le Corbusier designed the Villa Savoye the way he did because the architect reflected the fundamental nature of his style in architecture. The Villa Savoye is considered to be the purest Modernist construction.There are five major elements in the Villa Savoye’s architectural style, including   slender columns, impressive flat roof terrace, open plan, ribbon windows and free faà §ade (AD Classics: Villa Savoye / Le Corbusier, 2013). These elements were used by Le Corbusier as he was interested in technology and design of traditional steamships. The architect used simple design that resembled. His idea to create a unique steam-lined design was born out of new innovative engineering techniques of the 1920s-30s. Thus, cultural and social factors influenced Le Corbusier’s spatial planning, simplicity in details and minimalistic aesthetic and established the architect’s vision, making the Villa Savoye seminal.

Project Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words - 4

Project Management - Essay Example Fourth is the evaluation phase. The initiation phase entails definition of the scope, objectives, purpose, deliverables, resources, the structure of the project and the timescales while in the planning phase, there is the creation of a comprehensive project plan. This project plan is essential to the project since it acts as the reference for the project manager throughout the project for the control and monitoring cost, time and quality. In the project execution phase, the project manager controls and monitors the project delivery while the project team produces the deliverables. Once the consumer accepts the deliverables, the phase review is carried out to ensure that the project objectives have been achieved. The project is therefore ready for closure. After its closure, an evaluation should be carried out to determine the overall success of the project and find out whether the stated benefits in the original business case have been realized. The management should finally document any lessons learned for future projects (Griffin, 2010). Project management is an important activity among the overall business operations. In many organizations, team work has been a common aspect due to the great need for methods that would diagnose and solve problems that arise within the organization. Forecasting has also been applied in an attempt to take care of the arising problems in an organization before they have truly developed. On the other side, the project management has got many benefits to an organization. First, it provides and ability for the utilization of the forecasting methods in an organization. The organization therefore obtains an ability to look at situations by using various driven computer applications. Project management enables better teamwork. In any organization, teamwork is an important part of the entire aspect of its success. The more employees work

INCIDENCE AND PREVALENCE REPORT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

INCIDENCE AND PREVALENCE REPORT - Essay Example Therefore, it is clear that incidence is totally different from the rate of prevalence in the sense that the incidence rate aims to measure the possibility of developing new cases of disease within a given period of time whereas the prevalence rate aims to measure the percentage of population that has already been diagnosed with a specific disease (McGrath et al., 2008). As a type of chronic brain disease, there is no cure for schizophrenia but is highly treatable (Kahn & Fawcett, 2008, p. 383). Schizophrenia is often characterized by having a distorted speech, perception, and thoughts. For this reason, it is difficult to handle cases of schizophrenia not only on the part of the patients but also amongst their family members and caregivers. To give the readers a better idea with regards to schizophrenia, the first part of this report will purposely discuss basic information about schizophrenia including its signs and symptoms, common age affected by schizophrenia, and current treatments. The main purpose of this report is to gather, compare and contrast the incidence and prevalence rate of schizophrenia in Calgary (local city), Alberta (provincial), Canada (national), and the world (global). To gather up-dated information about the incidence and prevalence of schizophrenia in these four (4) levels, a wide-range of online resources will be utilized in this report. Schizophrenia is a type of mental health problem that can equally affect both men and women (McGrath et al., 2004; Aleman, Kahn, & Selten, 2003). Even though Jablensky (2003, p. 212) strongly suggests that the incidence and prevalence rate of schizophrenia are comparable across populations, the research study of Goldner et al. (2002) proves otherwise. After conducting a systematic review of literature (between the 1st of January 1980 and the 31st of December 2000) with regards to the incidence and prevalence rate of schizophrenia, Goldner et al. (2002) found out that with a variation rates between

The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde Essay Example for Free

The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde Essay Man is no truly one, but truly two. There are two sides to man, a good, and a bad. This book was written by Robert Louis Stevenson in 1885 and is set in the Gothic genre. The gothic genre is associated with darkness, the supernatural, and more importantly, nightlife. The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde is based on Stevensons own double life. In his daily life he was a respectable Victorian middle classed man, however by night he lived the life of a debauched bohemian. The Victorian society at that time and the lifestyle was very strict. They believed in morality and formality, and the Victorian children were extremely well behaved. The middle and upper class Victorians would meet at public gatherings, for example church and would expect each other to behave in a very ethical manner. This however was not the case at all times, especially men. They would go out late in the night gambling and drinking. Stevenson portrays this using the life style of a doctor who is ethical, principled and lives a very normal and proportioned life. However, by night his personality and his look grow into a monster like creature. Jekyll is described as tall and handsome throughout the book. He is very well known, and is also very rich indeed. He believes in man having two sides, a good, and a bad. He wants to find out how to separate the two personalities and uses himself to show this. Dr Jekyll, the well respected, good natured man, and Mr Hyde the more primitive and ape like of the two. Mr Hyde is also referred to as simian and hairy. He is considerably smaller than Jekyll and is therefore looked upon as lower in the evolutionary scale. Mr Utterson is the main narrator of this book except for Dr Lanyon and Dr Jekyll in the last chapters. Having more than one narrator in a story is a feature of the gothic genre. Utterson is a middle aged Lawyer and is a person who most of the characters can confide in. He leads a moral life, and has a good profession and therefore is probably the books most respected character. In a way he also has a contradicting personality in the way that he is meant to be a person who is friendly to anyone, however he secretly despises Hyde. By keeping these secrets, Stevenson portrays a double life lurking inside Utterson aswell. Jekyll desires to separate the two personalities of man, however he does not tell anybody due to the fact that people may think that he is trying to play God. Later in the book Jekyll becomes addicted into turning into Hyde, and at one time runs out of the ingredients to make the potion to turn into him. Through this Stevenson illustrates that evil is much more powerful than good. My evil, kept awake by ambition, was alert and swift to seize the occasion; and the thing that was projected was Edward Hyde. During the book Jekyll spontaneously turns into Hyde, which portrays that evil is more powerful than good. Charles Darwins evolutionary scale is hinted at a couple of times in this book. Hyde is described as less-upright, simian and ape-like. This is the total opposite to the principles expected of the Victorian society. Jekylls appearances and personality have been juxtaposed to Hyde. In the book Jekyll is often complimented for his looks and his wealthy nature, whereas Hyde is criticised for his ugliness and the fact that he gives the impression of an animal. This therefore suggests that Jekyll is much higher up in the evolutionary scale than Hyde. The return of man to the inhuman state is often recognised in the Gothic genre. By linking Darwinism and The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde, we can see that Stevenson here is also portraying man higher up in the evolutionary scale as good and man lower in the evolutionary scale as bad. A large part of this book is involves secrecy. Dr Jekyll keeps his relation with Edward Hyde a secret otherwise people would have looked at him in a different way, however the irony of looking at him as a different man can be perceived by us, the viewers. Near the beginning of this book Hyde tramples a young girl, and the family of that girl ask for his name using blackmail, the alternative however was to pay one hundred pounds in order to keep his identity quiet. This shows how much secrecy meant to the Victorian society. Throughout the book there are references to blackmail between Hyde and Jekyll, (ironically the characters in the book do not know that they are the same person), however the only person who believes that blackmailing has occurred between them is Mr Enfield, who is a cousin of Utterson. Blackmail is slightly engaged with homosexuality and a suggestion to homosexuality is made on frequent occasions during the book. Your master seems to repose a great deal of trust in that young man . Victorian society viewed homosexuality as absolutely forbidden, a famous poet and playwright named Oscar Wilde had a homosexual affair just after marrying, and was therefore imprisoned. Stevenson looks into the theories of Freud. Classing Hyde as the Id and Jekyll as the ego. We can easily class the two in this way from the behaviour that Stevenson portrays in this book. Jekyll seeks to separate good from evil and therefore has high expectations and is definitely respected for it. Hyde is classed as the Id, as he attacks violently almost in a state of insanity, there is no morality at all in him, he is a total opposite to the nature of Jekyll. He is totally unaware of what he does, and attacks at will. This book is classed in the gothic genre, as it is mainly set in darkness, and it refers to the supernatural and magical things that take place. It presents fear affected on those who live the simplest lives for example, Dr Lanyon who dies purely of fright. There are also multiple narrations, which is a link to the gothic genre. In this book there are three narrators. Other assets linked to this genre, are symbols like the moon, fog, a special door, city streets, good and evil. The door being a very important feature, as it separates two different types of man, Hyde and Utterson. Through this door Stevenson depicts the two sides of man. Frankenstein and Dracula were also written in the gothic genre and similarly link in the same way as Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde. Frankenstein is about a doctor that creates a monster like man who commits crimes and this therefore links to Mr Hyde who is presented in a similar way in Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde. Dracula however, is about a man who lives a double life, and plays a perfect host during the day to those whom he may invite to his gothic style mansion in Transylvania. By night however, becomes a creature hankering for blood. The character Dracula is more similarly related to Jekyll as he plays by the aristocratic nature during the day, and by night changes into the unthinkable, for a person with such principle. Dr Victor Frankenstein however is less similarly related to Jekyll as he physically doesnt commit any crimes himself, but its his use of science, which links the two characters together. Stevenson, as a student lived life like many of the men that are presented in this book. He lived in Edinburgh, which had two parts to it, a new town where the middle to upper class people housed themselves and lived moral lives, and an old town where many lower classed people slept on the streets and those who earnt a little more lived in disgusting, diseased filled, houses. Due to educated and well-known parents, Stevenson lived a good life as a child and educated himself at Edinburgh University. It was here where he and a group of friends carried out mischievous things, and then he came to realise that he had two lives, a life where he respected others and was a hard workingman like his father, and also a life where he was free from morality and principles. It was this experience that he had which probably led to this story of a man who is trying to prove that there are really to sides of man, good and evil.

Bakkhai :: Classics

Bakkhai - Pentheus did not die within the house but his remains are taken inside at the end - Bacchic dancing is the ‘imitation’ of nymphs, Pans, sileni and satyrs; a form of mimesis - Dance as an aid to the spectators and pictorial clarification; complex metres of danced choral lyric vs. simple rhythms of sung lyrics, suggesting this complexity with its ‘resolutions, contractions and shifting rhythms, was first made possible by the interpretative power of dance - After Pentheus has departed for the mountains, the mood of the persecuted Lydian Bacchants is one of vengeance// strophe-refrain-antistrophe-refrain-epode - Refrain calls for Justice to kill Pentheus, and the epode calls upon Dionysus to manifest himself in his true form; strophe visualizes scene on Mount Citihaeron, while antistrophe is a credo of the chorus - Dominant metre is dochmiac (short long long short long), a metre associated with intense excitement - Strophe and antistrophe can be described in four movements: move within A from Pentheus to the vision of Agave, and within her from Pentheus to the vision of the chorus; correspondences are mimetically precise 1. Lines 1-5 Strophe evokes the hounds of Madness running to the Bacchants in the mountain and biting Pentheus; Pentheus in female garb starts to spy. Antistrophe evokes Pentheus going to the Bacchants on the mountain with a mad resolve, the madman attempts the impossible. The movement depicts running, the Bacchic orgy, and Pentheus’s madness. 2. Lines 6-8 Strophe represents Pentheus being seen by Agave. Antistrophe is syntactically obscure but is concerned with the idea of divine punishment. The movement represents a human being watched by someone stronger than a human, and the focus shifts from watched to watcher. 3. Lines 7-9 Strophe represents in direct speech the shout of Agave that someone has came. Antistrophe represents creed of the chorus ‘I reject rationality. I enjoy in the hunt. Other, greater, clearer things†¦ This is a public declamation about something seen, and the gestural action is deictic. 4. Lines 10-12 Strophe, Agave pronounces this is no human but is of a lion or a Gorgon. In antistrophe, the chorus conclude that they will reject an unjust way of life and reverence the gods. The focus shifts from what is seem in the vision: common humanity is contrasted with the divine or demonic - There is no way that an audience could grasp the intended symmetry without the medium of dance, which generalizes the concrete narrative of the strophe and concretizes the abstract lang of the antistrophe in order to draw action and thought together Idea of illusion Inside/outside * Tragic process puts insistent pressure on the faced of the masculine self in order to bring out that insistent pressure on